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How to Spot Structural Movement in Your Home: A Complete Guide

Learn to identify the early warning signs of structural movement in your home, understand the underlying causes, and discover effective solutions to prevent further damage.

Article By: Tom Ayre
Last Update: July 2024

Introduction

Structural movement in houses can indicate serious underlying issues that may compromise the integrity and safety of the building. Early detection and prompt action are crucial to prevent further damage. This blog post will explore the various signs of structural movement, their causes, and the steps you can take to address these issues.
A crack gauge fixed on to a wall either side of a crack.

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Table of Contents

Common Signs of Structural Movement

Cracks in Walls and Floors

  • Description: Cracks are one of the most obvious signs of structural movement. They can appear in various forms, such as vertical, horizontal, or diagonal cracks in walls and floors. Stair-step cracks in brickwork are particularly concerning.
  • Causes: These cracks can be caused by subsidence, heave, or settlement of the foundation. They may also result from thermal expansion and contraction of building materials.
  • Action: If you notice significant cracks, it’s essential to have them inspected by a structural engineer to determine the severity and cause.
A crack in a wall.

Sticking Doors and Windows

  • Description: Doors and windows that suddenly become difficult to open or close can indicate structural movement. This issue is often due to the frames becoming misaligned.
  • Causes: Foundation settlement, moisture ingress, or poor construction practices can cause the frames to warp or shift.
  • Action: Check for other signs of movement and consult a professional for a thorough inspection.
A front door and window on an old house

Uneven or Sloping Floors

  • Description: Floors that appear uneven, slope, or feel bouncy underfoot are a sign of potential structural problems.
  • Causes: These issues are often caused by foundation settlement, subsidence, or rot in the floor joists.
  • Action: An immediate inspection is necessary to determine the cause and extent of the issue.
Old timber floor.
A crack gauge fixed on to a wall either side of a crack.

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Bowing or Bulging Walls

  • Description: Walls that bow or bulge outward are a severe indication of structural instability.
  • Causes: This can be caused by excessive lateral pressure from the soil outside, water damage, or inadequate construction practices.
  • Action: Such conditions require urgent evaluation by a structural engineer to prevent collapse.
A bulge in a block wall.

Roof Sagging

  • Description: A sagging or uneven roof can indicate problems with the structural support system.
  • Causes: This can result from rotting roof beams, inadequate support, or water damage.
  • Action: Professional assessment is crucial to determine whether the roof needs reinforcement or repair.
A roof sagging in the middle.

Gaps Around Windows and Doors

  • Description: Visible gaps between the walls and window or door frames are a sign of structural movement.
  • Causes: These gaps are typically caused by foundation settlement or shifting.
  • Action: Investigate the underlying cause and seek professional advice to address the issue.
Gaps around a damaged window

Chimney Cracks or Leaning

  • Description: Cracks in the chimney or a chimney that leans away from the house are signs of movement.
  • Causes: This is often due to foundation issues or soil movement.
  • Action: A structural engineer should evaluate the chimney to ensure it does not pose a hazard.
A chimney made of bricks on a roof.

Causes of Structural Movement

  • Foundation Problems: Poor soil conditions, inadequate foundations, or changes in moisture levels can lead to foundation settlement or heave.
  • Construction Deficiencies: Improper construction techniques or the use of inadequate materials can result in structural weaknesses.
  • Water Damage: Leaks, poor drainage, and high humidity can cause materials like wood and brick to decay, leading to structural instability.
  • Thermal Expansion and Contraction: Changes in temperature can cause building materials to expand and contract, leading to movement and cracking.

How To Address Structural Movement?

  • Professional Inspection: If you notice any signs of structural movement, it’s essential to consult with a structural engineer or a qualified surveyor. They can provide a detailed assessment and recommend the necessary repairs.
  • Foundation Repair: Techniques such as underpinning can stabilise foundations that have settled or shifted.
  • Moisture Control: Address any sources of moisture by improving drainage, repairing leaks, and ensuring proper ventilation.
  • Regular Maintenance: Regular inspections and maintenance can help identify issues early and prevent major structural problems.

How To Monitor Structural Movement?

Crack Monitoring – Fixing demec studs / crack gauges to monitor whether a crack is increasing or decreasing in size. We have written a guide on crack monitoring here.

Movement Monitoring – Fixing targets to a building and monitoring the position and height changes over time. We have written a guide on movement monitoring here.

Tilt Monitoring – Sensors fixed to walls to monitor the angular movement of a wall over time.

Conclusion

Being aware of the signs of structural movement in your home is crucial for maintaining its safety and integrity. If you suspect any structural issues, act promptly to seek professional advice and undertake necessary repairs to protect your property.

A crack gauge fixed on to a wall either side of a crack.

Do You Need Your Building Monitored For Movement?

  • Relied on by Architects, Engineers and Designers.
  • Quick Turnarounds, Great Customer Service
  • 5 Star Reviews on Google & Trustpilot.
GET A MOVEMENT MONITORING QUOTE

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